Shining Light on Tinseltown’s Building Styles: Art Deco
Touring Hollywood architecture means taking in several different styles. Building has been going on along Hollywood Blvd since the days of silent movies—and indeed Charlie Chaplin owned one of the most prominent structures on Hollywood Blvd., the Harlan Residences (formerly the Hillview Apartments). And while many styles seem to compete with one another, it’s perhaps the Art Deco buildings that draw the most attention.
Tour Hollywood apartments owned by Charlie Chaplin
Art Deco, a distinctive and influential style that emerged in the early 20th century, represents a dynamic blend of various artistic and design elements. This movement, characterized by its opulence, geometric shapes, and streamlined forms, found expression in a wide range of disciplines, including architecture, fashion, art, and interior design. Art Deco’s impact was particularly prominent in the realm of architecture, where it left an indelible mark on skylines and cityscapes across the globe. This essay explores the origins, characteristics, and enduring legacy of the Art Deco style of architecture, delving into its historical context and the key features that define this iconic design movement.
Historical Context
Art Deco emerged in the aftermath of World War I, gaining prominence in the 1920s and reaching its zenith during the 1930s. The name “Art Deco” is derived from the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris, where the style first garnered widespread attention. The exhibition aimed to showcase modern decorative arts and industrial design, and it had a profound influence on the evolution of design aesthetics.
The historical backdrop of the time played a significant role in shaping Art Deco. The world was transitioning from the ornate and elaborate styles of the 19th century, such as Art Nouveau, towards a more streamlined and modern sensibility. The post-war era witnessed a desire for a break from tradition, embracing innovation, technology, and a sense of progress. Art Deco encapsulated this spirit of modernity while retaining an appreciation for craftsmanship and luxury.
Key Characteristics of Art Deco Architecture
- Geometric Shapes and Symmetry
One of the defining features of Art Deco architecture is its emphasis on geometric shapes and symmetry. Buildings designed in the Art Deco style often showcase bold, angular forms, such as stepped setbacks, zigzags, and chevrons. This geometric precision imparts a sense of order and balance, creating visually striking structures that stand out in the urban landscape.
- Ornamentation and Decorative Elements
While Art Deco embraces modernity, it also incorporates intricate ornamentation and decorative elements. Elaborate friezes, bas-reliefs, and decorative motifs inspired by diverse cultural influences are common in Art Deco architecture. These embellishments add a layer of opulence to the buildings, creating a sense of luxury and sophistication.
- Streamlined and Modern Materials
Art Deco architects embraced modern materials and construction techniques, reflecting the era’s technological advancements. Smooth surfaces, often featuring materials like glass, chrome, and concrete, contribute to the sleek and streamlined aesthetic of Art Deco buildings. The use of these materials not only symbolizes progress but also allows for innovative design possibilities.
- Vertical Emphasis and Towers
Art Deco buildings frequently exhibit a vertical emphasis, with many structures featuring tower-like elements or vertical motifs. This verticality serves both aesthetic and practical purposes, contributing to the overall sense of grandeur while optimizing space in urban environments. The iconic Empire State Building in New York City, completed in 1931, exemplifies this vertical emphasis, with its stepped setbacks and soaring spire.
- Zigzags and Sunbursts
Zigzag patterns and sunburst motifs are characteristic design elements of Art Deco architecture. Zigzags convey a sense of energy and dynamism, while sunbursts symbolize optimism and the embracing of a new era. These motifs often appear in decorative detailing on facades, creating visually arresting patterns that capture the essence of the Art Deco style.
- Bold Color Palette
Art Deco architecture is known for its bold and vibrant color palette. Buildings are often adorned with striking contrasts, featuring combinations of rich colors such as black, gold, chrome, and vivid pastels. These bold color choices contribute to the overall visual impact of Art Deco structures, making them stand out against more subdued architectural styles.
- Aviation and Industrial Influences
The Art Deco movement drew inspiration from contemporary developments in aviation and industry. Aerodynamic shapes, reminiscent of the streamlined forms of airplanes and automobiles, found their way into architectural designs. The celebration of industrial progress is evident in the use of materials like stainless steel and aluminum, as well as in the incorporation of machine-like motifs into decorative elements.
Iconic Examples of Art Deco Architecture
- Empire State Building, New York City
Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building stands as an enduring symbol of Art Deco architecture. Designed by William F. Lamb of the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, this iconic skyscraper features a sleek, setback design with vertical emphasis. The spire and setbacks create a dramatic silhouette, while the lobby showcases intricate decorative detailing and luxurious materials.
- The Guardian Building, Detroit
Constructed in 1929, the Guardian Building in Detroit is a prime example of Art Deco’s influence on commercial architecture. Designed by Wirt C. Rowland, the building boasts a colorful exterior adorned with ornate detailing and geometric patterns. The interior is equally impressive, with a lavish lobby adorned with vibrant tiles, intricate mosaics, and Art Deco motifs.
- The Daily Express Building, Manchester
Built in 1939, the Daily Express Building in Manchester, England, exemplifies the international reach of Art Deco. Designed by Sir Owen Williams, the building features a distinctive black glass facade with horizontal and vertical detailing. The tower, adorned with chevron patterns and vertical lines, captures the essence of Art Deco’s geometric precision.
- Napier, New Zealand
The city of Napier in New Zealand is a unique case where an entire town was rebuilt in the Art Deco style following a devastating earthquake in 1931. The reconstruction, guided by architects and planners of the time, resulted in a cohesive and charming Art Deco town. The architecture of Napier showcases the adaptability of the Art Deco style to various urban contexts.
- The Avalon Casino, Catalina Island
Situated on Catalina Island, off the coast of California, the Avalon Casino is an exemplary Art Deco structure. Completed in 1929 by the architectural firm Sumner Spaulding and Walter Weber, the casino features a circular design with intricate ornamentation, including maritime motifs and sunbursts. The interior boasts a stunning Art Deco theater, showcasing the style’s influence on entertainment venues.
Legacy and Enduring Influence
Art Deco’s impact extended far beyond the years of its initial popularity, leaving an enduring legacy in the world of architecture and design. While the movement waned in the late 1930s with the onset of World War II and the subsequent rise of modernist styles, its aesthetic principles continued to influence subsequent architectural movements. Here are some ways in which Art Deco has left a lasting mark:
- Preservation and Revival
In many cities around the world, efforts have been made to preserve and restore Art Deco buildings. Historic preservation societies recognize the cultural and architectural significance of these structures, working to maintain their original design integrity. Additionally, the Art Deco style has experienced periodic revivals, with contemporary architects drawing inspiration from its distinctive features.
- Contemporary Interpretations
While the original Art Deco movement may be rooted in the early 20th century, its principles continue to inspire contemporary architects and designers. The use of geometric shapes, bold color palettes, and streamlined forms can be seen in modern buildings, interiors, and even furniture design. The timeless elegance and visual appeal of Art Deco make it a perennial source of inspiration for those seeking a balance between tradition and modernity.
- Cinematic Influence
The allure of Art Deco extends beyond the realm of architecture, finding expression in film and popular culture. The style’s glamorous and sophisticated aesthetic has been featured prominently in movies set in the early to mid-20th century. Films such as “The Great Gatsby” and “The Artist” showcase the elegance and opulence associated with the Art Deco era, contributing to its ongoing cultural relevance.
- Global Recognition and Appreciation
Art Deco has become a recognized and celebrated architectural style worldwide. Cities with a significant number of Art Deco buildings, such as Miami’s South Beach and the historic district of Shanghai, have embraced this heritage and often promote it as a tourist attraction. Guided tours, festivals, and events dedicated to Art Deco architecture further contribute to its global recognition.
Conclusion
Art Deco stands as a testament to the transformative power of design movements, encapsulating the spirit of an era marked by both tumultuous change and a yearning for progress. Its influence on architecture, characterized by geometric precision, ornate detailing, and a celebration of modern materials, has left an indelible mark on skylines and cityscapes across the globe. From the iconic skyscrapers of New York City to the charming streets of Napier, New Zealand, Art Deco continues to captivate and inspire, its legacy evident in both preserved historic structures and contemporary interpretations. As a style that seamlessly merged elegance with modernity, Art Deco remains a timeless and influential chapter in the rich tapestry of architectural history.